Imperialism+in+Sub-+Saharan+Africa

Sub Saharan Africa By Max Rowe Carly Cassity Denzell Conway

**Overview Of The Area** Sub Saharan Africa is surrounded by lots of water. The ports and port cities is where the European Countries had access to Africa. It was easy to ship Africans and goods to and from the Americans. Some claimed to come to Africa for the spread of religion. As they got to Africa slave trade was exposed to them and got the missionaries mind in a bunch. Cash crops and cheap labor brought the different countries to try and colonize Africa. Word got around about the cash crops that the Africans had and that brought Europeans even more interested. Sub Saharan Africa was the gateway to European expansion.

** Political Cartoon **

This cartoon describes the division of Africa during European Invasion. As you can see many of the European countries wanted a piece of Africa to call their own. Many of the countries had their own specific reasoning for going to Africa, but we all know that they wanted the cash crops and resources to benefit their own country. Also many countries felt empowered by their expansion in Africa. Geography **
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 * Leopold The Second

** Ò Leopold II was king of Belgium from 1865 until his death in 1909. Ò He wanted to be remembered for keeping the countries sovereignty. Ò Instead he is remembered for expanding Belgium by colonizing Congo. Ò Crowned King on December 10th 1865 Ò He had been searching for many areas to colonize in Africa before 1870 when he got a hold of Congo. Ò Leopold held the Brussels Conference in 1876 and formed the AIA which gave him full rights to Congo’s resources. Ò After appointing famous British explorer Henry Stanley to organize the colony, Leopold convinced the Belgium Parliament into making him the owner of Congo. Ò Throughout the 1880s and 1890s, Leopold was able to accumulate fabulous riches by extracting and selling rubber, ivory, and copper from the Congo. Ò He was able to accomplish this by inhuman treatment to the Africans in Congo Ò His harsh treatment came brought the attention in the eyes of missionaries like Livingston, and this caused Leopold to be condemned. Ò The conditions in the Belgian Congo were so terrible that this caused a world wide uproar between the European Colonies. Ò The public outrage had a huge impact on the government, and the Belgian Parliament stepped in on August 20, 1908 and reclaimed ownership of the colony from Leopold. Ò Before his death Leopold married his mistress in order for his son to be heir, but the Parliament rejected this attempt. Ò Leopold’s reputation stuck with him until the day he died in 1909.

Ò The Boer Wars was the name given to the South African Wars of 1880-1 and 1899-1902, that were fought between the British and the descendants of the Dutch settlers (Boers) in Africa Ò The Dutch, Huguenot and German ancestors of the Boers first settled the Cape area of South Africa in 1652 Ò After several attempts, Britain took control of it in 1814
 * Boer War**

Ò Shaka's birth was 1785 Ò He understandably grew up to be bitter and angry, which made him a leader Ò He began to take control over the Zulu tribe when he became a man Ò He brought new ways to fight and invented many new weapons and tactics for battle Ò He took control of the Zulu empire and gains many new areas and land for the tribe
 * Shaka "The Great"**



Ò Diamonds and gold increased the interest that the Europeans had in Africa Ò In order to avoid fighting over land, they met in Berlin, at the __Berlin Conference-__ where basically decided that, if any country decided to have power over any part of Africa, it was their to rule if they claimed their power and told the others that they now had power over this part of Africa Ò in 1914 the only parts free of European control were Liberia and Ethiopia
 * Scramble for Africa**


 * Berlin Conference**

The conference meant that the powers agreed that the traders and missionaries of all countries should have free access to the African interior, that the salve trade should be brought to Africans It was also agreed that the Congo and Niger river should be open to all nationals.


 * Chronological Order Of Events**

media type="custom" key="6091813" Form African David Livingston is born Leopold II is born Livingston arrives in Africa Livingston reaches “The Lake” Zulu conflict with the British Scramble for Africa First Boer War Berlin Conference